Interest Groups and Criminal Justice Policy

Introduction
How Interest Groups Influence Criminal Justice Policy: A National Perspective
Criminal Justice Interest Groups in California
California Criminal Justice Interest Group Watch

Links

Related Reports

References

Introduction

The criminal justice system has become a constantly growing and expensive bureaucracy. This system includes law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. According to the most recent data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), total expenditures of the criminal justice system in 2006 was approximately $215 billion. This represents a 497% increase since 1982. The largest part of the budget has consistently been allocated to law enforcement, although the largest increase since 1982 has been for corrections (up 660%). As of March, 2003 (latest figures available according to the BJS) the total monthly payroll of the entire criminal justice system was $9 billion; law enforcement constituted two-thirds of the total amount (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2010).

Law Enforcement
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are almost 18,000 law enforcement departments in the US, ranging from small town departments of one officer to large urban departments with 1,000 or more officers. There are over 1 million law enforcement employees (with about 750,000 sworn law enforcement officers) who share a more than $5.9 billion monthly payroll (Reaves, 2007; Hughes, 2006).

The Courts
In 2004 about 45 million cases were filed in trial courts, plus about 273,000 appellate court filings (Langton and Cohen, 2007). There are about 26,000 judges serving in these courts. The prosecutor’s office has the largest payroll within the court system. As of 2005, there were about 78,000 personnel with a total payroll just under $5 million in a total of 2,344 offices (U.S. Department of Justice, 2005, Table 1 and 4).

The Correctional System
The fastest growing component of the criminal justice system has been the correctional system. As of December 30, 2005, there were 1,821 state and federal correctional facilities, which represented an increase of 9% since 2000. During this time period the number of inmates held in these facilities increased by 10%; the number of employees rose 3%. As of December 31, 2009, there were more than 1.6 million prisoners housed in state and federal correctional facilities (up 16% from 2000), with an incarceration rate of 504 (compared to a rate of 478 in 2000), larger than any other nation in the world (See Figure 2). To these numbers should be added 767,620 individuals being held in local jails. The total incarceration rate for both jails and prisons comes to 748 per 100,000 (West, 2010).

The California Criminal Justice System
For the state of California, expenditures have increased at a pace that parallels national figures. As shown in Figure 1, between 1982 and 2010 total expenditures have increased by 1,019%. As shown here expenditures for police and sheriff’s departments have risen at about the same pace as expenditures for prisons and jails. By contrast, expenditures for the court system (prosecution and defense) have barely changed.

For California, the total institutional population has grown in a pattern that parallels national figures (See Figure 2). As seen here, after little change in the 1950s, the incarceration rate declined until about 1980, after which the population zoomed upward by more than 4,000%. This growth stems mostly from the drug war (Shelden, 2010; Alexander, 2010). During the first decade of the 21st century, the rate has leveled off.

A more historical look at the California prison population from 1851 to 2010 (See Figure 3). Here we see a relatively gradual rise from 1851 to 1925 and then a relatively steady, but unremarkable rise to around 1975. However, the period since 1975 shows a dramatic upward trend, again caused mainly by drug convictions.

Added to this list is a large and growing probation and parole system charged with the supervision of those assigned to probation departments as part of their sentence or those who have been released from prison. As of 2008, there were about 5 million under some form of supervision – 4.2 million on probation and 800,000 on parole. All together, more than 7 million people are somewhere in the criminal justice system on any given day, an all-time high (Glaze and Bonczar, 2009). Figure 4 shows the growth of the entire California entire correctional system since 1983. What is most interesting about this graph is that while the prison population shows the greatest increase (from 1.7% of the total California population to 3.3%), the rest of the population (jail, parole and probation) has only gradually increased. This may stem from the fact that more and more prisoners are serving longer sentences, largely because of tougher sentencing policies (Three-Strikes, Mandatory Minimums, etc.; for documentation see Schichor and Sechrest, 1996; Gilmore, 2007; Mauer and Chesney-Lind, 2002; Perkinson, 2010).

The Role of Interest Groups
Public policies, both crime-related and other issues, are determined by local, state and national legislative bodies. Special interest groups have a powerful influence on public policy in general and for criminal justice issues in particular, both on a national scale and in the state of California. Every year, labor unions, professional associations, and corporations spend millions on campaigns to affect the way voting practices. These groups also employ legislative advocates, also known as lobbyists, who draft and push for legislation while maintaining close relationships with lawmakers and government officials. While these special interest groups claim to be concerned with the systemic health and prosperity of the population, in many cases these groups are strongly motivated by the employment of their members and or their profit margins.

Among the most notable national organizations directly involved in crime control legislation is the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). The mere existence of this organization demonstrates the classic connections between politics, economics and the criminal justice system. The membership consists of state legislators, private corporation executives and criminal justice officials. More than one-third of state lawmakers in the country (2,400) belong and they are mostly Republicans and conservative Democrats. Several major corporations and corporate foundations contribute money to ALEC. Within ALEC there was until recently a “Criminal Justice Task Force.” Among the duties of this group was to write “model bills” on crime and punishment. Among such “model bills” they helped draft include “mandatory minimum sentences,” “Three Strikes” laws, “truth in sentencing” and the like. Presently there is a task force called “Public Safety and Elections” (www.alec.org). This task force is “dedicated to developing model policies that reduce crime and violence in our cities and neighborhoods; while also focusing on developing policies to ensure integrity and efficiency in our elections, and within our systems of government.” Among the members of this task force is Laurie Shanblum who is the Senior Director of Business Development for the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), which is also a member of ALEC, along with the American Bail Coalition, which is dedicated to the long-term growth and longevity of the bail bond industry (www.americanbailcoalition.com).

Special Interest Groups and Lobbyists that Impact Crime Control Legislation in California
The following interest groups have had the most prominent influence on crime control legislation in California in recent years:

~ The Alliance for a Better California

~ California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA)

~ Police Officers Research Association (PORAC)

~ California Bail Agents Association

~ Golden State Bail Agents Association

~ California Police Chiefs Association (CPCA)

~ California Narcotics Officers Association (CNOA)

~ California District Attorney Association (CDAA)

A report by the California Fair Political Practices Commission in March, 2010, noted that the top 15 interest groups spent more than $1 billion during the past ten years. Among these 15 are six corporations, two Native American tribes, two labor unions and four business associations. The report also noted that there were ten additional groups that, although spending less money than the top 15, nevertheless spent a considerable amount of money during this period of time. One in particular stands out, namely the California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA). During the past ten years they $32 million to influence crime control legislation (California Fair Political Practices Commission, 2010).

Among the most prominent lobbyists or legislative advocates include the following individuals.

John Lovell - Law Offices of John Lovell; represents The California Narcotics Officer’s Association, The California Peace Officer’s Association, The California Association of Code Enforcement Officers, and the California Correctional Supervisors Organization.

Kathy Lynch - advocate for California Bail Agents Association and Golden State Bail Agents Association.

Cory Salzillo - has represented CDAA as their main legislative advocate since 2007.

How Interest Groups Influence Criminal Justice Policy: A National Perspective

This section is under construction. Check back soon to learn more.

Criminal Justice Interest Groups in California

Lobbying in California: A General Overview

Between 1998 and 2004 the amount of money spent by lobbyists in California was more than $806 million. The amount per year increased by about 94% (from $80 million to $155 million). The Lobby Watch project, by the Center for Public Integrity, ranked the amount of money spent by companies and organizations, specific lobbying firms, individual lobbyists, issues and by industry.

Among the companies and organizations ranked number one was Northrop Grumman which spent more than $83 million between 1998 and 2004. A distant second was Chevron Texaco, which spent almost $33 million during this time. Intel, Walt Disney and Amgen (a human therapeutics company in the biotechnology industry) rounded out the top five. A total of 250 companies and organizations are listed in this ranking. Most of them are corporations and a few are cities and counties (e.g., San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco) in addition to the University of California (which spent just over $3 million during this time, ranking it number 37). Near the bottom of the list at number 213 was the California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA), which spent just $579,000 during this time.

As for specific lobbying firms, the WPP Group was number one, spending a little over $185 million during this time. This is a London-based company with over 141,000 employees worldwide. This organization engages in marketing strategy, advertising, and marketing communications. WPP Group has two firms in Sacramento called the Dewey Square Group and Ogilvy Public Relations. The Dewey Square Group also has offices in Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Ranked second was Washington, DC based Patton Boggs, spending $160 million during this period. Among the members of this group is former Senate Majority Leader (R-Miss) Trent Lott. Ranked third was the Interpublic Group of Companies, which spent about $22 million. Rounding out the top five were Copeland Lowery Jacquez Denton & White ($12.8 million) and The Ferguson Group with $12.2 million. Copeland Lowery Jacquez Denton & White has since been disbanded largely because of a federal investigation that began in 2006 (Bimbaum, 2006). The case focused on the relationship with Republican Congressman Jerry Lewis, the ranking member of the Appropriations Committee, representing the 41st district of California. According to Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), the investigation stems “primarily from the misuse of his position as chairman of the committee to steer hundreds of millions of dollars in earmarks to family and friends in direct exchange for contributions to his campaign committee and political action committee (CREW, 2010).” CREW further stated:

"Rep. Lewis has a close relationship with lobbyist and former Congressman Bill Lowery, and his lobbying firm, formerly known as Copeland Lowery Jacquez Denton & White (“Copeland Lowery”). As then-chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, Rep. Lewis approved hundreds of millions of dollars in federal projects for Mr. Lowery’s clients. In exchange, Mr. Lowery, his partners and their spouses contributed $480,000 to Rep. Lewis’ campaign committee and Future Leaders PAC between 2000 and 2005, often giving the maximum contribution allowed under law. Despite the continued scrutiny of his earmarking activities, Rep. Lewis has continued to request earmarks for Mr. Copeland and Ms. White’s clients at IFS. In 2008, Rep. Lewis sponsored $55 million in earmarks for IFS clients. In 2009, he requested more than $218 million in earmarks, nearly half of which – $102 million – was designated for projects of IFS clients."

According to the Los Angeles Times, Copeland Lowery Jacquez Denton & White was known as a “major player in Washington,” especially for their role in various "earmarks" for military contractors, and municipalities (Los Angeles Times, 2006).

The most interesting rankings on the Lobby Watch website are according to issues, including “Crime, Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice.” There were a total of 1,243 different companies engaged in lobbying efforts over these issues between 1998 and 2004. These were ranked according to the number of filings. The leader during this time was Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) with a total of 64 filings, spending about $6.5 million spent and $3 million in 2004 alone. CCA currently operates two prisons in California: California City Correctional Center (a federal facility just north of Mohave) and San Diego Correctional Facility in the southeast part of San Diego County (serving the U.S. Marshalls Service and the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)).

Ranked second was the Arizona Justice Project with 38 filings, spending just over $2 million spent between 1998 and 2004. This project investigates claims of innocence and provides legal representation for inmates alleged to have been failed by the criminal justice system. Presently this organization only works in Arizona.

Ranked third was Los Angeles County (2010) with 33 filings, spending just over $6 million during this time period. Rounding out the top five was the National Rifle Association (NRA) with 31 filings, spending more than $11 million and the Taxpayers Against Fraud with 29 filings, spending $2.8 million.

Other companies and organizations include the National Troopers Coalition, the aforementioned CCPOA, National Association of Assistant U.S. Attorneys, American Correctional Association, Wackenhut, now called the GEO Group, and the Boy Scouts of America.

For each of the companies and organizations listed, Lobby Watch provides a list of the lobbying firms that represented them during this time period. For instance, for Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), Cisco Consulting, and Akin Gump each spent $920,000 for lobbying efforts between 1998 and 2004. Walker Bryant Tipps & Malone spent a total of $750,000, while Wise and Associates spent $640,000 and the firm of Manatt, Phelps & Phillips spent $140,000.

The top lobbying firms involved in criminal justice issues included Collier, Shannon, Rill & Scott (2010) with 47 filings and the aforementioned Akin Gump with 40 filings. Ranked third with 34 filings is the Dutko Group followed by Van Scoyoc Associates and Alcalde & Fay with 33 and 29 filings respectively.

According to the financial reports of lobbying firms conducting business with California in 2005, none of the aforementioned top five lobbying firms were listed (Secretary of State, 2010a; Secretary of State, 2010b). This report shows that in 2005 that an estimated 2,639 lobbying entities (employers that utilize in-house lobbyists or contract with lobbying firms) submitted quarterly financial disclosure statements to the Secretary of State between January 1 and December 31, 2005. Also about 344 lobbying firms filed reports in that year. In 2005, approximately $228 million was spent lobbying the State Legislature and State administrative agencies, which set a new spending record (up 39% from the 1999-2000 session). Leading the way was the California Teachers Association, which spent about $9.5 million during the 2005-06 session. A distant second was AT&T and its affiliates, which spent a little over $4 million. Ranked third was the Western States Petroleum Association ($3 million), while the California Chamber of Commerce ($2.6 million) and California State Council of Service Employees ($2 million) were ranked fourth and fifth. In terms of specific industries, that of “Government” ranked number one with just over $35 million spent in 2005.

An examination of employers by interest group indicates that employers in the government category expended more than any other category. The below table depicts this categorical breakdown and highlights specific categories that relate to the criminal justice field.

ASSOCIATION	EXPENDITURES
*Government*	$35,167,319
Broadmoor Police Protection District	$20,000
CA Correctional Supervisors Organization	$67,804
CA Law Enforcement Association of Records Supervisors (CLEARS)	$24,000
CA Narcotics Officers' Assoc.	$36,000
CA Peace Officers' Assoc. (CCPOA)	$37,500
CA Police Activities League	$4,150
CA Police Chiefs' Assoc.	$69,000
CA Probation. Parole and Correctional Assoc. (CPPCA)	$23,400
CA Sexual Assault Investigators Assoc.	$6,000
CA State Coroners' Assoc.	$10,800
CA State Sheriffs' Assoc.	$144,219
Chief Probation Officers of CA	$72,000
County Alcohol and Drug Program Administrators Assoc. of CA	$75,598
Hawthorne Police Department	$36,667
Los Angeles City Attorney's Office	$80,337
Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office	$210,669
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department	$62,529
Riverside County Sheriff's Department	$10,322
San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department	$133,396
San Diego Assoc. of Governments	$64,617
San Diego County Sheriff's Department	$126,424
State Bar of California	$660,631
*Health*	$24,434,294
*Education*	$22,183,698
*Manufacturing and industrial*	$20,521,241
*Finance and insurance*	$17,513,727
Albert Ramirez Bail Bonds	$16,000
Bad Boys Bail Bonds	$17,000
California Bail Agents Association	$50,368
California Bail Insurance Group	$54,678
Golden State Bail Agents Association	$15,000
*Professional and trade*	$15,052,457
American Correctional Solutions, Inc.	$18,000
*Utilities*	$12,383,904
*Labor Unions*	$11,436,919
California Organization of Police and Sheriffs (COPS)	$60,000
Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association	$59,669
*Oil and gas*	$9,572,570
*Real estate*	$5,818,444
*Transportation*	$4,591,299
*Entertainment and recreation*	$4,276,352
*Legal*	$3,892,721
California Appellate Defense Counsel, Inc.	$25,000
California Attorneys for Criminal Justice	$25,000
California Defense Counsel	$121,378
California District Attorneys Association (CDAA)	$136,462
California DUI Lawyers Association	$12,000
California Public Defenders Association	$62,311
*Agriculture*	$3,803,884
*Merchandising and retail*	$3,743,161
*Public employees*	$2,766,832
Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs	$83,734
Association of Orange County Deputy Sheriffs	$18,424
California Association of Highway Patrolmen	$154,931
California Correctional Police Officers' Association (CCPOA)	$317,344
California Judges Association	$116,743
Cause State Law Enforcement Association	$145,181
Los Angeles Police Protective League	$52,762
Minorities in Law Enforcement	$2,000
Peace Officers Research Association of California	$438,096
Riverside Sheriffs' Association	$40,840
Sacramento County Deputy Sheriffs' Association	$29,450
San Francisco Deputy Sheriffs' Association	$7,612
San Francisco Police Officers' Association	$12,000
Santa Barbara Deputy Sheriffs' Association	$10,000
State Coalition of Probation Associations	$28,768
*Political organization*	$329,438
*Miscellaneous*	$29,677,149
Corrections Corporation of America	$121,653
Covenant House of California	$19,075
Fraternal Order of Police Lodge, State of California	$4,500
GEO Group	$361,850
Sentinel Offender Services	$36,000
Western Center on Law and Poverty	$76,420

The Government category includes organizations related to criminal justice issues including the California Peace Officers’ Association, which is not the same as the CCPOA (which is included within a category called “Public Employees”). The description provided on their website is as follows:

"The California Peace Officers' Association was established in 1921 and serves the needs of professional law enforcement through issue exploration, resource development, educational opportunities, and legislative advocacy. CPOA has over 3,000 members of all ranks from municipal, county, state and federal law enforcement agencies from throughout the state of California. The California Peace Officers' Association is committed to developing progressive leadership for California law enforcement community. This will be accomplished by organizational networking, professional development, and public policy advocacy (www.cpoa.org)."

The Government category includes 22 organizations that are related to criminal justice. If we omit the large amount of money spent by the Bar Association, the largest expenditures were made by the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office, California State Sheriffs’ Association, the San Bernardino and San Diego County Sheriffs’ Association.

The only group related to criminal justice located within the category of “Professional/Trade” is that of American Correctional Solutions, Inc., an organization founded in 1985 and is contracted by the State of California to provide licensed and experienced physicians and on-site healthcare to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

There are only two organizations related to criminal justice listed in the Labor Unions category. The California Organization of Police and Sheriffs is one of the largest unions in the west. It was founded in 1975 and funding was provided in 1976 when then Governor Jerry Brown signed the Peace Officers Bill of Rights Act (POBRA). Currently, they represent more than 100,000 officers and their families and have more than 1 million members in California, Nevada, and Hawaii. The Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association is now called Police Officers Association of LA County.

The Legal category contains six organizations related to criminal justice, led by the California District Attorneys Association and the California Defense Counsel. The fiscal expenditures by these two groups dwarfs all of the others. The California District Attorneys Association has been in existence for over 90 years and was a combination of both defense counsel and prosecutors. This organization was incorporated in 1974 with the mission to serve the needs and promote the interests of California's prosecutors. Currently they have over 2,500 members with a full-time staff in Sacramento. The California Defense Counsel indicates that they are the political arm of the Association of Defense Counsel of Southern California and the Association of Defense Counsel of Northern California and Nevada.

The Political Organizations category contains the Gun Owners of California which expended about $127,500 (representing the largest expenditures of all other organizations – 39% of the total). During the current session of the California Legislature among the bills they opposed include the following: Ammunition Registration Bill of 2009 (AB 2358), which failed to pass; Expansion of Lead Ammo Ban (AB 2223), which also failed; the only bill they supported was AB 2115 which would have allowed the carrying of a concealed weapon by veterans without having to show "good cause," which also did not pass. During the 2009 session they opposed four bills and supported two. Gun Owners of California tend to oppose most of the bills sponsored by Democrats and support most of those sponsored by Republicans.

It is interesting to note that within the Miscellaneous category are the following: Corrections Corporation of America, Covenant House of California, an organization devoted to homeless youth, Fraternal Order of Police Lodge, State of California, GEO Group, Sentinel Offender Services, and Western Center on Law and Poverty. Sentinel Offender Services indicate their services include:

"one of the nation's leading providers of offender supervision services. Since beginning operations in 1993, we have focused solely on one goal: monitoring and supervising offender populations. As correctional agencies search for alternatives to incarceration or supervision for their inmate or probationer populations, we developed a comprehensive Spectrum of Services that allows correctional agencies to select an effective solution to their needs” (www.sentrak.com)."

The Western Center on Law and Poverty started in 1967 in the midst of the nation's ‘War on Poverty’ as a joint legal clinic of USC, UCLA, and Loyola Law Schools. Currently its mission is to fight for justice and system-wide change to secure housing, healthcare and a strong safety net for low-income Californians.

In March 2010, the California Fair Political Practices Commission (2010) published a report called Big Money Talks in which they studied the top 15 spending special interest groups in California over the last ten years. The combined total expenditures came to more than $1 billion. Among these 15 groups there were six corporations, three Indian tribes, two labor unions, and four business associations. Among the key findings of this study included the following:

~ Nearly $660 million was expended for state and local ballot measures (about $44 million per interest group); more than $125 million was spent by Indian tribes on gaming ballot measures.

~ More than $80 million was spent on state and local candidates. The leaders were:

~ California State Council of Service Employees -- $18.8 million;

~ California Teachers Association -- $16.7 million;

~ Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians -- $9.7 million;

~ California Chamber of Commerce -- $7.1 million.

~ More than $30 million was contributed to various political committees of the Democratic and Republican parties (to Democrats: $17.7 million; to Republicans: $13 million).

~ More than $250 million was spent for lobbying the California State Legislature and other state governmental agencies. The leaders in this category were:

~ AT&T -- $46.7 million;

~ California Teachers Association -- $38.5 million;

~ Western States Petroleum Association -- $35.2;

~ California Chamber of Commerce -- $26.8 million;

~ California State Council of Service Employees -- $25.6 million.

SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP	EXPENDITURES (in millions)
California Teachers Association	211.8
California State Council of Service Employees	107.5
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America	104.9
Morongo Band of Mission Indians	83.6
Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians	69.3
Pacific Gas & Electric Company	69.2
Chevron Corporation	66.2
AT&T Inc.	59.6
Philip Morris USA	50.8
Agua Caliente Band of Chuilla Indians	49.0
Souther California Edison	43.4
California Hospital Association	43.2
California Chamber of Commerce	39.1
Western States Petroleum Association	35.2
Aera Energy	34.7

Key California Criminal Justice Interest Groups

Criminal justice special interest groups have joined forces with other large unions through independent expenditure committees. The Alliance for a Better California funded by educators, firefighters, school employees, health care givers and labor organizations – is a remarkable consolidation of power that spent more than $5 million during the 2006 election year.

A handful of Legislative advocates have significantly helped empower criminal justice special interest groups in California. These advocates are lawyers and former legislators whose political connections and ideological flexibility make them powerful players in Sacramento. Often, these legislative advocates represent multiple interest groups simultaneously. Sometimes, these interest groups have opposing views. Legislative advocates have become so pervasive in Sacramento politics there is currently a proposal to ban text messaging by lobbyists on the Assembly floor and in committee. For a more in-depth discussion of the California Correctional Peace Officer’s Association read the CCPOA Information Sheet. Also for additional information about several special interest groups in California read the California Special Interest Groups Information Sheet.

California Criminal Justice Interest Group Watch

The California Criminal Justice Interest Groups Watch is a series of blog postings that focus on particular special interest group activity in California. The blog content analyzes the work of a specific lobbyist or lobbying firm, or examines the successful lobbying campaign of a specific bill or proposition. This series answers the question: when it comes to promoting criminal justice policy in California, what works and why?

CA Policy: Round up

CA Policy: The corporate interest

CA Policy: Playing the game

CA Policy: Beware of vigilante policymaking

CA Policy: CNOA’s war on rehabilitation

CA Policy: The Law Offices of John Lovell
CA Policy: The CCPOA political powerhouse
CA Policy: Gimmicks versus Facts: the politics of marketing

CA Policy: Three Strikes Reform: What happened last time?

In addition to our series of blog postings, the following audio podcasts provide introductory information on California's Criminal Justice Interest Groups.

"Money Talks"

Links

For more information in regards to the organization and publications discussed above, please see below for a list of links.

Akin Gump www.akingump.com
Alcalde & Fay www.alcalde-fay.com
American Correctional Association www.aca.org
American Correctional Solutions, Inc. www.correctionalsolutions.com/ourstory.html
Arizona Justice Project http://www.azjusticeproject.org
Big Money Talks http://www.fppc.ca.gov/reports/Report38104.pdf
Boy Scouts of America www.scouting.org
California Defense Counsel www.califdefense.com
California District Attorneys Association http://cdaa.org
Corrections Corporation of America www.correctionscorp.com
Dutko Group www.dutkoworldwide.com
GEO Group (formerly known as Wackenhut) www.thegeogroupinc.com
Gun Owners of California www.gunownersca.com
Los Angeles County Professional Peace Officers Association (formerly known as Police Officers Association of LA County) http://www.poalac.org/aboutus.shtml
Manatt, Phelps & Phillips www.manatt.com
National Association of Assistant U.S. Attorneys www.naausa.org
National Riffle Association http://www.nra.org/home.aspx/
National Troopers Coalition www.ntctroopers.com
Patton Boggs www.pattonboggs.com
Cisco Consulting www.lod.com/cisco-consulting.html
Taxpayers Against Fraud www.taf.org
The Alliance for a Better California www.allianceforabettercalifornia.org
The California Organization of Police and Sheriffs http://ca-cops.com/history.html
The Ferguson Group http://www.fergusongroup.us
The Lobby Watch Project http://projects.publicintegrity.org/lobby
Walker Bryant Tipps & Malone http://walkertipps.com
Western Center on Law and Poverty www.wclp.org
Wise and Associates www.wiseattorneys.com
WPP Group www.wpp.com
Van Scoyoc Associates www.vsadc.com